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Mesenchymal stem cells, found in the bone marrow, can be induced to form cartilage, bone, tendon and ligaments, muscle, skin, fat, and nerve cells. They are easy to isolate from small quantities of bone marrow and are readily grown to the amounts needed for transplantation. Frozen stocks are viable and could be used for ‘off the shelf’ therapies. They are also found in dental pulp, the soft tissue inside teeth. Wisdom teeth are a particularly rich source of stem cells and this opens up the interesting possibility of visiting the dentist for a stem cell transplant. Embryonic mesenchymal stem cells have been transplanted into the jaw bone of adult mice. Some of these ‘tooth germs’ grew into fully functional hard teeth capable of responding to pain. Whether adult tooth-derived stem cells can be persuaded to produce regenerated teeth remains uncertain but an Indian biotechnology company has set up the world’s first dental stem cell bank.